![]() ![]() ceti and B. pinnipediae - found in marine mammals - have been isolated in the context of neurobrucellosis. The CDC has classified the Brucella abortus, canis, and suis species as "select agents" due to their potential to be aerosolized for bioterrorism purposes. Rarely, the more recently discovered fifth and sixth species B. There are four main species that infect humans 1-4: There are a number of species that act as primary hosts to infect humans as secondary hosts. are gram-negative coccobacilli, which are mostly spread animal-to-human via unpasteurised dairy products. ![]() A variety of methods to detect IgM and/or IgG antibodies have been proposed, with some conflict in the literature regarding which is optimal for diagnosis. The Rose Bengal test, serum agglutination test, Coombs test, lateral flow immunochromatography assay, a fluorescence polarization assay, indirect ELISA assays, and the immunocapture BrucellaCapt test may be used independently or in combination to confirm Brucella infection 6.īrucella spp. Diagnosisĭue to the insidious onset of disease, brucellosis presents in both acute and chronic forms. Please see neurobrucellosis for manifestations of central nervous system infection. Brucellosis may affect any system and so signs and symptoms are heterogeneous. Arthralgia, myalgia and back pain are also common 5. Patients present typically with fever, which can be undulating and lasts for 2-3 weeks. Brucellosis occurs worldwide but is particularly prevalent in Mediterranean regions, Middle East, South Asia, and Central and South America 2. Risk in these countries is partly attributed to ineffective public and domestic animal health services.
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